Are you satisfied with a definition of vacant unit as "mails had not
been collected for 90 days?
________________________________
Richard Lin, Ph.D.
Demographer
Colorado Department of Local Affairs
Division of Local Government
1313 Sherman Street, Room 521
Denver, CO 80203
Phone: (303)866-4989
Fax:: (303)866-2660
richard.lin(a)state.co.us
www.DOLA.Colorado.Gov
>>> <alanpisarski(a)alanpisarski.com> 6/19/2007 10:28 AM >>>
Big tourism payoff
Sent via BlackBerry from Cingular Wireless
-----Original Message-----
From: <Nanda.Srinivasan(a)dot.gov>
Date: Tue, 19 Jun 2007 11:58:06
To:<ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net>
Subject: [CTPP] Vacancy Rates by quarter
This is with regard to questions on vacancy rates by season.
I recently had a chat with Jon Sperling at HUD (during a walk on the
mall) and he pointed me to these datasets (acquired from USPS) that list
vacancy rates for each census tract by quarter and year.
http://www.huduser.org/datasets/usps.html
<http://www.huduser.org/datasets/usps.html>
I have not used these much, but am intrigued. The datasets are
comparatively new (introduced in December 2006). HUD is looking for
user feedback. I found that the data can be joined and easily plotted
using a nationwide Census Tract shapefile. I can see quite a few
applications in examining these data for transportation planning
applications.
Also see the data dictionary at
http://www.huduser.org/datasets/usps/USPS_Data_Dictionary.pdf
The contact person for these datasets is Robert Renner.
Thank you
Nanda Srinivasan
_______________________________________________
ctpp-news mailing list
ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net
http://www.chrispy.net/mailman/listinfo/ctpp-news
_______________________________________________
ctpp-news mailing list
ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net
http://www.chrispy.net/mailman/listinfo/ctpp-news
This is with regard to questions on vacancy rates by season.
I recently had a chat with Jon Sperling at HUD (during a walk on the
mall) and he pointed me to these datasets (acquired from USPS) that list
vacancy rates for each census tract by quarter and year.
http://www.huduser.org/datasets/usps.html
I have not used these much, but am intrigued. The datasets are
comparatively new (introduced in December 2006). HUD is looking for
user feedback. I found that the data can be joined and easily plotted
using a nationwide Census Tract shapefile. I can see quite a few
applications in examining these data for transportation planning
applications.
Also see the data dictionary at
http://www.huduser.org/datasets/usps/USPS_Data_Dictionary.pdf
The contact person for these datasets is Robert Renner
<mailto:Robert.N.Renner@hud.gov> .
Thank you
Nanda Srinivasan
Dear Elaine,
Thank you very much for the information. Now we expect better
quality of the migration statistics from the 2008 ACS survey estimates
and the Census 2010 census counts.
________________________________
Richard Lin, Ph.D.
Demographer
Colorado Department of Local Affairs
Division of Local Government
1313 Sherman Street, Room 521
Denver, CO 80203
Phone: (303)866-4989
Fax:: (303)866-2660
richard.lin(a)state.co.us
www.DOLA.Colorado.Gov
>>> "Murakami, Elaine" <Elaine.Murakami(a)fhwa.dot.gov> 6/13/2007 2:14 PM
>>>
At the recent ACS Peer Exchange, sponsored by the FHWA/FTA
Transportation Planning Capacity Building program, held May 10-11,
2007;
Nancy Torrieri shared a paper copy of some of the question changes for
the 2008 ACS content. I just noticed that Question 14 "Did this
person
live in this house or apartment 1 year ago?" has a NEW line for STREET
ADDRESS, in addition to city/town; county; State; and zipcode.
If respondents complete this line, then, coding to a "real" PUMA, not
just to county should be possible.
Elaine Murakami
FHWA Office of Planning
-----Original Message-----
From: ctpp-news-bounces(a)chrispy.net
[mailto:ctpp-news-bounces@chrispy.net] On Behalf Of
mbousfield(a)cityofchicago.org
Sent: Friday, June 08, 2007 8:52 AM
To: Ed Christopher; Murakami, Elaine
Cc: ctpp-news maillist; douglas.w.hillmer(a)census.gov
Subject: RE: [CTPP] Brainstorming about INCOME variable for
thefutureCTPP(using ACS records)
To CTPP-News Maillist and Other Census Groupies,
Much thanks to all who shared their migpuma concerns.
The attached file defines the migpumas and the powpumas in function of
the pumas (all 5%). I downloaded it from Blodgett's Mable database.
For instance, for Illinois (17), the pumas 3501-3519 cover the City of
Chicago and pumas 3401-3414 cover the remainder of Cook County which
we
call suburban Cook County. The file shows that powpuma 3500 coincides
with the city of Chicago and that migpuma 3490 coincides with Cook
County.
We at the City defined the pumas but the definitions of the powpumas
and migpumas were done by the CB. In 1990, Chicago was a migpuma but
in 2000 the CB decided it was no longer. According to Clara, no
county
remainders were migpumas except Los Angeles city, why not Chicago city?
I planned to extract the population sizes off all the migpumas and
show
that there are many migpumas that are smaller than the City of Chicago
thereby showing a lack of equal access to data. According to
"Principles and Practices for Federal Statistical Agencies" by
Martin, Straf, and Citro, federal statistical agencies have to ensure
equal access to data. Are large subcounty cities with concentrations
of
minority persons getting equal access to data?
Thank you,
Marie Bousfield, Demographer
City of Chicago
Department of Planning and Development
City Hall, Room 1003
121 North LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois 60602
Tel. (312) 744-6536
Fax. (312) 744-0759
Email mbousfield(a)cityofchicago.org
http://www.cityofchicago.org
_______________________________________________
ctpp-news mailing list
ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net
http://www.chrispy.net/mailman/listinfo/ctpp-news
The first CTPP product from ACS we hope will be a 3-year summary (ACS
records from 2005 thru 2007). Clearly, people want a flow tabulation.
The 3-year tabulations are limited to geographic units of 20,000 persons
or more. We currently don't have a DIFFERENT population threshold for
FLOW tabulation based on 3-years of ACS records, but the CTPP Technical
Group has been assuming we would want:
County -to- County
Place -to-Place
Perhaps: County - to-Place
Place -to- County
Using the same 20,000 population threshold. AND THEN, AFTER WORKPLACE
ALLOCATION IS COMPLETE, TO HAVE PUMA-TO-PUMA where PUMA of work is not
limited to COUNTY, but is a "real" sub-county PUMA where available.
The geography for tabulation for this first 3-yr ACS would be restricted
to Census 2000 geography, so we can't include "new" PUMAs defined for
Census 2010 until probably 2011 or 2012.
http://www.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2004/11November/1104Econ-Areas.pdf by
Kenneth P. Johnson and John R. Kort
There are 179 BEA Economic areas which are county-based. There are 344
component economic areas, which are merged into the 179 Economic Areas.
I am wondering if we might use either BEAs or CEAs to calculate either
quartile or quintiles to tabulate income for CTPP. I like the CEAs
because, for example in the Seattle area, the CEAs separates out the
western counties that are fairly rural in nature from the main urban
core counties.
Therefore the Part 3 tables might look like this:
TABLES for FLOW:
Table 1. Total workers
Table 2. Workers in group quarters (no characteristics)
Table 3. Means of Transportation to Work (7) (all workers)
Table 4 Income quartiles (4) or Income quintiles (5) (workers in
households) (Then, we would have to include a CHART documenting the
quartile or quintile values for each of the Economic areas, since they
would not be the same # from one area to the next).
Therefore, no crosstab of means of transportation by income in the FLOW
tabulation. Nandu has been researching using IPF routines to synthesize
a crosstab of means of transportation by income for FLOW for "base"
TAZs.
Because the BEA Economic Areas are large enough, there should be
sufficient ACS samples from which to calculate quartiles or quintiles
for household income. If there are approx 2 million completed h.u. ACS
forms each year, there would be about 11,000 households per BEA economic
area (BEA), or 5,800 households per Component economic area (CEA). This
avoids the problem of "too many" income categories that result from
trying to address variability between places like San Francisco-Oakland
and Nashville. Therefore a 3-year accumulated ACS would give us
approx 33,000 households for BEA, and 17,400 households for CEA. So,
the first step would need to be to calculate the values for each BEA or
CEA, and then tabulate the ACS records based on those values.
One of the biggest problems with this approach is that it would be up to
the data user to KNOW which BEA or CEA area was used. And, we would
have to check to see if there are MPOs that cross BEA or CEA boundaries.
Let me know what you think about this idea.
Elaine Murakami
FHWA Office of Planning
206-220-4460
Richard is absolutely right... The problem as I see it, it's the lack of
consistent, cross-tab records to understand why a unit is vacant... Is
it due to a tough rental market? Or is it because the unit it's never
for rent in the 1st place? Unless there is a specific reason to
associate housing units to number of people (such as physical
infrastructure inference), housing stock should never be used as a proxy
for person counts...AND, YES, Richard is right again about IRS
records...it has a few (or too many, depending on how you see it)
incongruencies and too much room for interpretation/error...
Again, if it were easy there wouldn't be any demographers, right???
Thanks everybody...
*******************************************************
Fernando DePaolis
Regional Economist
Denver Regional Council of Governments
4500 Cherry Creek Dr South Suite 800
Denver CO 80246-1531
(303)480-6728 fdepaolis(a)drcog.org www.drcog.org
*******************************************************
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Richard Lin [mailto:richard.lin@state.co.us]
> Sent: Wednesday, June 13, 2007 12:16 PM
> To: ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net; Fernando DePaolis; djbeaty(a)pbsj.com
> Cc: Cindy DeGroen; Elizabeth Garner; Jim Westkott
> Subject: RE: [CTPP] Census Data in High Vacation Rental Areas
>
> Dear Fernando and All,
> In population statistics, a person can only be counted
> once and only once. Therefore, if a person lives in his/her
> usual (permanent) residence but also owns a second home
> (vacation home), his/her second home should be counted as
> vacant except it is rented out as permanent (long term; such
> as one-year lease) residence for the renters.
> Unless you have an annual updated formal report of the
> rental list by number of residents, the IRS income tax report
> (or county-to-county IRS migration flow) is the best
> administrative record for the estimates of population change.
> The only shortcoming of the IRS report is that it does not
> cover the illegal immigrants and those who either do not file
> income tax report or who do file income tax report using
> address other than the rental address.
> Underestimated second home renters? Maybe. Overestimated?
> Possible. The best solution is to have a census count (or
> canvass; or administrative record) by well defined residence
> rule (a person can only be counted once and only once).
> Hope the difficult issue keep demographers alive.
>
>
> ________________________________
> Richard Lin, Ph.D.
> Demographer
> Colorado Department of Local Affairs
> Division of Local Government
> 1313 Sherman Street, Room 521
> Denver, CO 80203
> Phone: (303)866-4989
> Fax:: (303)866-2660
> richard.lin(a)state.co.us
> www.DOLA.Colorado.Gov
>
> >>> "Fernando DePaolis" <FDePaolis(a)drcog.org> 6/7/2007 8:58 AM >>>
> We have the same problem in the mountain communities where
> there is a large proportion of "second" homes, not
> necessarily for rent... it's been quite frustrating but at
> some point we'll have a method to deal with that... probably
> based on reports from local governments... the main problem
> in forecasting those figures is the high volatility of such markets...
>
> Our view is that "the Census" doesn't deal with the
> underlying cause of vacancy very well...
>
> Regards,
>
> Fernando DePaolis, Ph.D.
> Regional Economist
> DRCOG - Denver Regional Council of Governments 4500 Cherry
> Creek Dr South Suite 800 Denver CO 80246-1531
> (303)480-6728 fdepaolis(a)drcog.org www.drcog.org
> <http://www.drcog.org/>
> This is a private message sent on my DRCOG email account
> pursuant to DRCOG's Internet Policy. This email and any files
> transmitted with it are confidential and intended solely for
> the use of the individual or entity to whom they are
> addressed. If you have received this email in error please
> disregard. Any views or opinions presented in this email are
> solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent
> those of DRCOG.
>
>
> _____
>
> From: ctpp-news-bounces(a)chrispy.net
> [mailto:ctpp-news-bounces@chrispy.net] On Behalf Of Beaty, Daniel J
> Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2007 2:50 PM
> To: ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net
> Subject: [CTPP] Census Data in High Vacation Rental Areas
>
>
> I want to know if anyone else has had experience with
> Census data seeming to under represent population and vacancy
> rates in areas with high concentrations of vacation rental
> property that tends to be seasonal in nature. I am working
> on a project that has this situation and I'm would like to
> know if this is an anomaly or if others have seen this also.
>
> Thanks,
>
> Daniel J. Beaty, AICP
> PBS&J
> Transportation Planning Program Manager
> 1901 Commonwealth Lane
> Tallahassee, Florida 32303
> Phone: 850.575.1800 Ext. 7914
> Fax: 850.574.2428
>
>
Dear Fernando and All,
In population statistics, a person can only be counted once and
only once. Therefore, if a person lives in his/her usual (permanent)
residence but also owns a second home (vacation home), his/her second
home should be counted as vacant except it is rented out as permanent
(long term; such as one-year lease) residence for the renters.
Unless you have an annual updated formal report of the rental list
by number of residents, the IRS income tax report (or county-to-county
IRS migration flow) is the best administrative record for the estimates
of population change. The only shortcoming of the IRS report is that it
does not cover the illegal immigrants and those who either do not file
income tax report or who do file income tax report using address other
than the rental address.
Underestimated second home renters? Maybe. Overestimated?
Possible. The best solution is to have a census count (or canvass; or
administrative record) by well defined residence rule (a person can only
be counted once and only once).
Hope the difficult issue keep demographers alive.
________________________________
Richard Lin, Ph.D.
Demographer
Colorado Department of Local Affairs
Division of Local Government
1313 Sherman Street, Room 521
Denver, CO 80203
Phone: (303)866-4989
Fax:: (303)866-2660
richard.lin(a)state.co.us
www.DOLA.Colorado.Gov
>>> "Fernando DePaolis" <FDePaolis(a)drcog.org> 6/7/2007 8:58 AM >>>
We have the same problem in the mountain communities where there is a
large proportion of "second" homes, not necessarily for rent... it's
been quite frustrating but at some point we'll have a method to deal
with that... probably based on reports from local governments... the
main problem in forecasting those figures is the high volatility of
such
markets...
Our view is that "the Census" doesn't deal with the underlying cause
of
vacancy very well...
Regards,
Fernando DePaolis, Ph.D.
Regional Economist
DRCOG - Denver Regional Council of Governments
4500 Cherry Creek Dr South Suite 800
Denver CO 80246-1531
(303)480-6728 fdepaolis(a)drcog.org www.drcog.org
<http://www.drcog.org/>
This is a private message sent on my DRCOG email account pursuant to
DRCOG's Internet Policy. This email and any files transmitted with it
are confidential and intended solely for the use of the individual or
entity to whom they are addressed. If you have received this email in
error please disregard. Any views or opinions presented in this email
are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent those
of
DRCOG.
_____
From: ctpp-news-bounces(a)chrispy.net
[mailto:ctpp-news-bounces@chrispy.net] On Behalf Of Beaty, Daniel J
Sent: Wednesday, June 06, 2007 2:50 PM
To: ctpp-news(a)chrispy.net
Subject: [CTPP] Census Data in High Vacation Rental Areas
I want to know if anyone else has had experience with Census
data seeming to under represent population and vacancy rates in areas
with high concentrations of vacation rental property that tends to be
seasonal in nature. I am working on a project that has this situation
and I'm would like to know if this is an anomaly or if others have
seen
this also.
Thanks,
Daniel J. Beaty, AICP
PBS&J
Transportation Planning Program Manager
1901 Commonwealth Lane
Tallahassee, Florida 32303
Phone: 850.575.1800 Ext. 7914
Fax: 850.574.2428
What could they possible be releasing? See Below. Didn't the CTPP
Technical Team already complile this data and more with our profiles
last January?
Like the profiles we did for workers at their home location. We did the
whole nation and then some smaller geographies. Here is the whole
nation.
http://ctpp.transportation.org/production/United%20States.htm
There also were profiles on workers at their Work Place for Counties and
other geography--Here is Cook County Illinois for example
http://ctpp.transportation.org/Profiles1/Numbers/pow_Cook_County__Illinois.…
There also were journey to work profiles talking about some of the
travel related variables but in terms of households. The universe of all
the profiles can be found here.
http://ctpp.transportation.org/2005.htm
As far as the big CB release, I guess I will just have to wait until
June 13th and then remember to go look for the data.
-------- Original Message --------
Subject: [public-news-alert] Census Bureau News -- Tip Sheet #12
Date: Fri, 8 Jun 2007 14:07:32 -0400
From: angela.c.baker(a)census.gov
June 8, 2007 TP07-12 Upcoming
American Community Survey
Commuters Still Driving Alone -- Despite rising gas prices, the nation's
workers are not using public transportation at a greater rate. This look
at
2005 American Community Survey data shows how commuters at the national,
state and local level (areas of 65,000 population or more) are getting
to
work. (Tentatively scheduled for release June 13.)
_______________________________________________
public-news-alert mailing list
public-news-alert(a)lists.census.gov
http://lists.census.gov/mailman/listinfo/public-news-alert
I want to know if anyone else has had experience with Census data
seeming to under represent population and vacancy rates in areas with
high concentrations of vacation rental property that tends to be
seasonal in nature. I am working on a project that has this situation
and I'm would like to know if this is an anomaly or if others have seen
this also.
Thanks,
Daniel J. Beaty, AICP
PBS&J
Transportation Planning Program Manager
1901 Commonwealth Lane
Tallahassee, Florida 32303
Phone: 850.575.1800 Ext. 7914
Fax: 850.574.2428
FYI...For those of you interested in Freight Data issues --this came
from the TRB ABJ90 Freight Data Committee, ABJ40 Travel Survey Methods
Committee, and the AT016T Task Force on Innovations in Freight
Transportation Modeling. Submissions are due August 1st for the 2008
TRB conference.
Call for Papers
ABJ90 Freight Data, ABJ40 Travel Survey Methods, and AT016T Task Force
on Innovations in Freight Transportation Modeling
87th TRB Annual Meeting
January 2008
The TRB committees on Travel Survey Methods (ABJ40), and Freight Data
(ABJ90), and Task Force on Innovations in Freight Transportation
Modeling (AT016T) invite papers on the collection of freight data for
use in freight planning, modeling freight, and integrating freight into
the urban transportation planning process. Freight data is important
for both understanding the movement of commodities and developing
methods for modeling these movements within the context of
transportation systems and planning for future transportation needs.
This call for papers is on freight survey methods and the challenges and
opportunities for advancing the practice of collecting, measuring, and
understanding freight data and its impact on transportation. The
committees welcome papers on topics related to freight surveys
including:
* Survey Methods: challenges and solutions for collecting
accurate data on the types and amounts of freight being transported
nationally, regionally, and locally.
* Non-response Issues: how survey methods are dealing with
non-response and the methods used to adjust freight data to account for
any non-response bias.
* New Technologies: new methods for collecting data on freight
including sampling and data expansion.
* Innovative Approaches: how freight surveys are being designed
and implemented including methods for sampling and the techniques for
collecting the data.
* Data Needs for Modeling: how are data needs for modeling being
identified and addressed in the survey process and how are the data
being integrated and used in the freight models.
Please indicate ABJ40 or ABJ90 on the Submission Review form to indicate
a response to this call for papers. Papers for the 2008 Annual Meeting
must be submitted electronically no later than August 1, 2007. Authors
who submit papers are requested to send the paper number and title by
August 1, 2007 to Benjamin Ritchey (Committee on Freight Data)
ritchey(a)battelle.org or Dr. Kara Kockelman (Committee on Travel Survey
Methods) kkockelm(a)mail.utexas.edu. Further information about this call
for papers may be obtained from:
David Pearson, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas, :
(979) 845-9933, Email: david-pearson(a)tamu.edu
Dear Everyone,
Atkins, China is recruiting Principle/Senior Transport Planner/Modeler
and Traffic Engineer. We are currently running/bidding on several large
metropolitan transportation planning projects in China. We urgently need
specialist from oversea.
If interested, please contact me at:
Email: charlie.zhao(a)atkins.com.cn
Tel.: +86-21-61225022
Mobile: +86-13370206289
Sincerely,
Charlie Zhao
Transport Planner
ATKINS Consultants Ltd Shanghai Branch
46th Floor Raffles City,268 XiZang Zhong Road, SH, 20001
Tel.: +86 21 6122 5022
Fax : +86 21 6122 5101
E-mail: charlie.zhao(a)atkins.com.cn
Permanent/Temporary Position: Principal/senior Public Transport Planner
Ref
CH0066
Region
Mainland China
Location
Shanghai, Shenzhen, Beijing
Sector
Transport
Degree Discipline (where appropriate)
Transport Systems
Functional Specialism
Planners/Schedulers/Transport Planners
Public Traffic planning job opportunity in Atkins Shanghai
Job Summary
This position is within Atkins China Transport Planning which covers all
aspects of transport planning from policy research and strategic
appraisal through to development assessment and traffic engineering.
Especially this position is highly focused on bus priority, bus lines
design and parking scheme design and implementation.
The successful candidate would be expected to perform the following
duties:
* Identify project resource requirements.
* Be in charge of bus lines, bus priority design, parking scheme
design and implementation and other projects of transport planning.
* Prepare designs, calculations, specifications, drawings,
programmes and cost estimates for specific jobs
* Check drawings, calculations or programs
* Advise technicians on detailing
* Produce reports on projects as directed
* Assist with preparation of tender documents, provide information
for reports and participate in particular investigations as required
* Evaluate engineering problems, consulting senior staff as
necessary
Mandatory Requirements of the role
* At least 10 years working experience in traffic engineering and
transport planning; 20 years experience is highly evaluated
* Experiences of public traffic design, like bus lane design, bus
priority.
* Degree or above in transport planning
Additional Information
Applicants should have the ability to work on a diverse range of
projects under their own initiative. They should have a desire to
improve their technical ability and possess good organizational and
communication skills.
Atkins develops individuals through a portfolio of in-house and external
training and development courses designed to help them make the best of
their abilities and talents. These are reviewed with individuals through
our annual appraisal process. We hold annual salary reviews and
regularly benchmark competitors' benefit packages in order to remain
competitive in the market place. We actively support staff in achieving
corporate membership of relevant institutions.
Rewards & Benefits
The list below includes contractual as well as non-contractual benefits
- these will be confirmed on appointment:
* Competitive salary
* Flexible annual leave scheme - 20 days
* Life assurance scheme
* Professional membership fees paid
* Employee Referral Bounty Scheme
Permanent Temporary Position: Principal Transport Planner-Modelling
Ref
CH0062
Region
Mainland China
Location
Shanghai
Sector
Transport
Degree Discipline (where appropriate)
Planning (Transport & Urban)
Functional Specialism
Planners/Schedulers/Transport Planners
Transport modeling working opportunity in Atkins Shanghai
Job Summary
This position is within Atkins Transport Planning team which covers all
aspects of transport planning from policy research and strategic
appraisal through to development assessment and traffic engineering. The
Networks and Traffic business deals with the development of traffic
engineering and traffic management solutions including road safety, bus
priority and parking scheme design and implementation.
We are looking for an enthusiastic and motivated team player to
strengthen the Transport business unite especially focuses on Transport
Modeling in our Shanghai office,
The successful candidate will be working within a team reporting to
National Transport Planning Manager and be expected to perform the
following duties:
Project Role:
* Identify project resource requirements
* Ensure that project work is carried out within agreed timescales
and budget
* Attend meetings as required
Technical Role:
* Evaluate engineering problems, prepare detailed methodologies
and designs, draw up specifications, programmes and cost estimates for
specific jobs
* Use EMME2 and VISSIM, LEGION at competent level with respect to
input, analysis and interpretation
* Ensure technical content and quality of work produced is in line
with the project brief
* Liaise with clients and other disciplines as required on
technical aspects
Mandatory Requirements of the role
* At least 10 year working experiences in transport planning.
* Production of transport modeling software knowledge of CUBE,
EMME2, VISSIM, LEGION is essential.
* Bachelor degree of transport planning or above
Additional Information
Applicants should have the ability to work on a diverse range of
projects under their own initiative. They should have a desire to
improve their technical ability, possess good organizational and
communication skills and the ability to write high quality reports.
Rewards & Benefits
The list below includes contractual as well as non-contractual benefits
- these will be confirmed on appointment.
* Competitive salary
* Flexible annual leave scheme-15-20 days
* Life assurance scheme
* Professional membership fees paid