David raises good points about moonlighting and average HH size.... 1. "Moonlighting" data is collected for the Bureau of Labor Statistics as part of the Current Population Survey. I recall an article in the BLS journal "Monthly Labor Review" from several years ago, and it is available online at: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/1997/03/art1abs.htm Also, some interesting time use articles in the current edition of the Monthly Labor Review, at: http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/mlrhome.htm In a nutshell, moonlighting rates (multiple job holding rates) have fluctuated both upwards and downwards since they began collecting the data in 1970. It looks like they're fairly stable in the early 1990s, at about 6.2 to 6.4 percent of employed persons with more than one job. I still think it's very plausible that this moonlighting rate increased between 1996-2000 in response to our economic boom and a slow growth in our labor force. And I would definitely agree that understanding the multiple job holding is important in reconciling job growth with labor force growth. By the way, the census journey-to-work is basically about the principal or main (or is it "usual") job reported by the census respondent, not all jobs that a respondent may have. So, workers at place of work ARE NOT an estimate of total employment, but are LOWER than "true" total employment because of a) weekly absenteeism; and b) moonlighting jobs held by 6.0 percent or so of workers. Moonlighting data can also be extracted from HH travel surveys by examining the extent of multiple locations for work activities, if not by collecting data such as a simple tally of the number of paid jobs held by each person in the household. 2. Yes, average household size in the US declined from 2.63 p/hh in 1990 to 2.59 p/hh in 2000. What I'm suspecting, looking at population age 16+, age 16-64, and age 65+, and civilian employed by sex, is that the MALE labor force participation rates ARE LEVELLING OFF, if NOT LOWER, for selected age cohorts. This is a guess based on the growth in female civilian employed (14.4%) which is faster than the growth in male civilian employed (10.2%). Chuck thinking that there may be a major increase in persons working two jobs. If this is more widespread than Albuquerque it could have considerable consequences. To my knowledge there is not data collected on workers working multiple wage jobs. size when you compared the workers to households ratios for 1990 and 2000.