I have attached  Q&A document using materials from the chat area.
 
The CTPP previously used the decennial Census "long form," but the American Community Survey (ACS) has replaced the "long form" and the 2010 Census is a short-form only census.  For people who need basic information about the ACS, I recommend the Census Bureau's COMPASS series.
http://www.census.gov/acs/www/UseData/Compass/presentations.html
Among the several presentations are an overview and one on data products. 
 
Here is a link to a copy of the  (2010) ACS questionnaire: http://www.census.gov/acs/www/Downloads/ACS-1(info)(2010)%20Stateside%20English_web.pdf
Some of the questions have been modified from the 2005 implementation of the ACS.  The questions on disability were changed in 2008. 
 
Here is a link to the NCHRP report 588: A Guidebook for Using ACS Data for Transportation Planning, completed by Cambridge Systematics in 2007.
http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/A_Guidebook_for_Using_American_Community_Survey_Da_156802.aspx  The full pdf is 10 mg.
 
Elaine Murakami
FHWA Office of Planning
206-220-4460 (in Seattle)